a. Idealism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism
b. Realism
http://www.answers.com/topic/realism
c. Pragmatism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatism
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/james.htm
d. Reconstructionism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Reconstructionism
e. Behaviorism
http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism.htm
http://www.learning-theories.com/behaviorism.html
f. Existentialism
http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/existentialism.htm
g. Analytical Philosophy
http://www.answers.com/topic/analytic-philosophy
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REALISM is based on natural laws and it's objectives and composed of matter. The teacher's role is to cultivate rational thought, to be a moral and spiritual leader and to be a source of authority.
ReplyDeleteIt focuses on past and permanent studies - master of facts and timeless knowledge. Teacher helps students think rationally; based on Socratic method, oral exposition and there is explicit teaching of traditional values
The Realist classroom is teacher-centered; subjects are taught by a teacher who is impersonal and objective, and who knows the subject fully. The teacher must utilize learner’s interest by relating the material to the learner's experiences, and by making the subject matter as concrete as possible. He or she maintains discipline by rewarding efforts and achievements, controlling the attention of the individual, and keeping the learner active.
ReplyDeleteThe teaching methods recommended by the Realist are authoritative. The teacher must require that the learner be able to recall, explain, and compare facts; to interpret relationships, and to infer new meanings. Evaluation is an essential aspect of teaching, according to this view. The teacher must use objective methods by evaluating and giving the type of test that lends itself to accurate measurement of the learner's understanding of the essential material. Frequent tests are highly desirable. For motivational purposes, Realists stress that it is important for the teacher always to reward the success of each learner. When the teacher reports the accomplishments of his learners, he/she reinforces what has been learned.
Most of the philosophers recognized as Plato did that things of this world are a shadowy copy of a true Idea. That things happen for a reason. Therefore students under this philosophy are encouraged to go higher and deeper in their level of thoughts and learning and strive harder to seek the truth. And the teachers spend time for those who are lost and wayward. Most religion as mentioned uses this philosophy with reason rooted in spiritual soul (or God). The thought that there is a spark of divinity in man came from this philosophy they term it "innate goodness". Thus, every individual should be treated as a unique being shaped in the image of God, an important notion to consider as we help inculcate spiritual values into our students young mind. A challenge and an opportunity for each of us educators to tuckle and lovingly do.
ReplyDeleteIf this philosophy wasn't put on the wayside by our leaders if not totally abandoned we could have been better as a nation instead of being the head as in the past now we are almost the tail. We lost our ideals and worst we lost our dignity. But as long as there's life in the body of our model teachers we can still hope, hope that the future leaders will see the way back to our Christian ideals. Then this country will be great again. God Bless everyone!
Thomas Aquinas, a philosopher of Realism, contended that God made it possible to acquire true knowledge so that man may know Him better. God is the Ultimate Teacher, only God can touch the soul. A teacher can only “point” the way to knowledge. Teaching is a way to serve humankind; it is part of God’s work. Aquinas believed that leading the student from ignorance to enlightenment is one of the greatest services one person can give to another. The soul possesses an inner knowledge. The major goal of education is the perfection of the human being and the ultimate reunion of the soul with God.
ReplyDeleteRealism makes the student understand the material world through inquiry, study of science, and the scientific method. It is not only studying facts, but method of acquiring facts. It put emphasis on critical reasoning through observation.
In the curriculum, it uses extensively pictures, objects, and attention to the complete person and physical activities. Materials are presented in a systematic and organized way.
In idealism, the students are encourage to stretch themselves through higher-level thinking to become truth seekers. The things and objects around us are just shadowcopy of the true idea which the soul carries within itself. So, what is really good or bad comes from our ideal mind.
ReplyDeleteAs teachers, we have to be idealistic enough in enhancing learning to our learners. We should alwyas know if what we are doing is for the good of our learners. Sometimes, we missed to do things step by step because we tend to follow other's opinions and not our own. We are responsible for our own actions so we must be idealistic...An ideal teacher is the one who thinks well, says well and acts well...
...In IDEALISM Philosophy the students are encourage to think through higher-level to seek for the truth. in this philosopy everything that being done by individual wether it is good or bad it came from there ideal mind.
ReplyDeleteAs an educators we must consider if the learning styles,strategies and the lesson are still conducive for the learners. Being an ideal teacher, we are the one who is responsible for the learning of a child be idealistic try to consider the individual differences.